![]() 2.3 Atomic Structure and SymbolismĬlick on the site and select the “Mix Isotopes” tab, hide the “Percent Composition” and “Average Atomic Mass” boxes, and then select the element boron. What generalization can you make regarding the type of atom and effect on the path of α particles? Be clear and specific. Repeat this with larger numbers of protons and neutrons. Does this match your prediction from (c)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, select “40” for both protons and neutrons, “min” for energy, show traces, and fire away. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual path as shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, set energy to “max,” and start firing α particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Due to the scale of the simulation, it is best to start with a small nucleus, so select “20” for both protons and neutrons, “min” for energy, show traces, and then start firing α particles. Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation and select the “Rutherford Atom” tab. (d) Now test your predictions from (a), (b), and (c). What factor do you expect to cause this difference in paths, and why? (c) Predict how the paths taken by the α particles will differ if they are fired at Rutherford atoms of elements other than gold. (b) If α particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at Rutherford atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy α particle paths. Explain why you expect the α particles to take these paths. (a) Predict the paths taken by α particles that are fired at atoms with a Rutherford atom model structure. Predict and test the behavior of α particles fired at a Rutherford atom model. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual paths as shown in the simulation. Hit the pause button, or “Reset All.” Set “Alpha Particles Energy” to “max,” and start firing α particles. Set “Alpha Particles Energy” to “min,” and select “show traces.” Click on the gun to start firing α particles. Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation and select the “Plum Pudding Atom” tab. (c) Now test your predictions from (a) and (b). (b) If α particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at plum pudding atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy α particle paths. (a) Predict the paths taken by α particles that are fired at atoms with a Thomson’s plum pudding model structure. Predict and test the behavior of α particles fired at a “plum pudding” model atom.
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